{"id":17388,"date":"2025-11-18T16:38:07","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T16:38:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avukathht.com\/?p=17388"},"modified":"2025-11-18T16:40:12","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T16:40:12","slug":"hollanda-danistayinin-ezan-karari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avukathht.com\/en\/2025\/11\/hollanda-danistayinin-ezan-karari\/","title":{"rendered":"HOLLANDA DANI\u015eTAYI&#8217;NIN EZAN KARARI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>&nbsp;Din \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Entegrasyon ve E\u015fit Yurtta\u015fl\u0131k \u00dczerine Bir De\u011ferlendirme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. <strong>Giri\u015f<\/strong>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ezan yaln\u0131zca bir ibadet \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fildir; ayn\u0131 zamanda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluluklar i\u00e7in kimli\u011fin, aidiyetin ve kamusal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle, hoparl\u00f6rle okunan ezan konusu Hollanda gibi \u00e7o\u011fulcu ve laik bir \u00fclkede yaln\u0131zca \u201cses d\u00fczeyi\u201d meselesi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201chak ve temsil\u201d meselesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde Raad van State (Hollanda Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u0131), camilere y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahaleler ve dini topluluklar\u0131n faaliyet alanlar\u0131 konusunda \u00f6nemli bir karar verdi. Bu karar, do\u011frudan ezanla ilgili olmasa da, ezan\u0131n hoparl\u00f6rle okunmas\u0131na dair s\u00fcregelen tart\u0131\u015fmalara g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir hukuki \u00e7er\u00e7eve kazand\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <strong>Karar\u0131n arka plan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Karar (ECLI:NL:RVS:2024:4989, 4 Aral\u0131k 2024) bir belediyenin, kentteki bir camiye y\u00f6nelik kapatma talebini reddetmesi \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan itirazla ilgiliydi. Ba\u015fvuran taraf, cami faaliyetlerinin kamu d\u00fczenini bozdu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak Dan\u0131\u015ftay, belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n bu t\u00fcr a\u011f\u0131r bir m\u00fcdahalede bulunabilmesi i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k bir yasal dayanak bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, temel haklar\u0131 \u2014\u00f6zellikle de din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u2014 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131ran her idari i\u015flem a\u00e7\u0131k, me\u015fru ve orant\u0131l\u0131 bir temele dayanmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ilke, yaln\u0131zca cami kapatma giri\u015fimleri i\u00e7in de\u011fil, hoparl\u00f6rle ezan okunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olas\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da do\u011frudan uygulanabilir niteliktedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. <strong>Ezan tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131: hoparl\u00f6r m\u00fc, hak m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hollanda\u2019da baz\u0131 siyasi partiler (\u00f6zellikle SGP ve JA21) hoparl\u00f6rle ezan okunmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamak amac\u0131yla yasa teklifleri haz\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu tekliflerin gerek\u00e7esi genellikle \u201ckamusal sessizlik\u201d veya \u201cg\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi\u201d olsa da, uygulamada bu d\u00fczenlemeler yaln\u0131zca M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluluklar\u0131 hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ayr\u0131mc\u0131 bir nitelik kazanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Halbuki ayn\u0131 \u015fehirlerde kilise \u00e7anlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenli olarak \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik hi\u00e7bir tart\u0131\u015fma bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n e\u015fitlik ilkesi (m.1) ve din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (m.6) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sorunludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Hukuki de\u011ferlendirme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n bu son karar\u0131yla ortaya koydu\u011fu temel prensip \u015fudur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<strong>Bir idari makam, din\u00ee faaliyetlere m\u00fcdahale edemez; ancak bu m\u00fcdahale a\u00e7\u0131k bir yasal yetkiye, me\u015fru bir amaca ve orant\u0131l\u0131 bir gerek\u00e7eye dayan\u0131yorsa m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bir belediye veya ulusal d\u00fczeyde yasa koyucu, hoparl\u00f6rle ezan\u0131 tamamen yasaklamak istiyorsa, bunun i\u00e7in \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k bir yasal dayanak g\u00f6stermeli ve bu yasa\u011f\u0131n gerekli ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aksi halde, bu t\u00fcr bir yasak Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 9. maddesi (din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) kapsam\u0131nda ihlal say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. Bize g\u00f6re ;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biz g\u00f6\u00e7menler&nbsp; ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluluklar&nbsp; bu karar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca hukuki de\u011fil, toplumsal bir kazan\u0131m olarak da g\u00f6rmelidir..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu karar, \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201dn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik sessiz ama sistematik bask\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 bir hat\u0131rlatma niteli\u011findedir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<strong>Bu \u00fclke hukuk devleti ilkesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r; temel haklar pazarl\u0131k konusu yap\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toplumun bir kesiminin dini sembolleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, minare, ezan sesi) \u00fczerinden hedef al\u0131nmas\u0131, entegrasyon s\u00fcrecine hizmet etmez. Tam tersine, ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 derinle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Entegrasyon, sessizle\u015fmek de\u011fil, e\u015fit bi\u00e7imde var olmak demektir. Ezan sesi de bu varolu\u015fun bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. Ne yap\u0131lmal\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu karar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan <strong>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluluklara ve cami y\u00f6netimlerine d\u00fc\u015fen baz\u0131 sorumluluklar da vard\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Belediyelerle diyalog<\/strong>: Hoparl\u00f6r kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda \u00f6nceden a\u00e7\u0131k protokoller olu\u015fturmak&nbsp; gerekebilir. Saat, s\u00fcre, desibel d\u00fczeyi gibi teknik konular\u0131 \u015feffaf bi\u00e7imde belirlenmelidir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Toplumsal bilgilendirme<\/strong>: Yerel halkla ileti\u015fimi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek, ezan\u0131n dini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel anlam\u0131n\u0131 anlatmak gerekir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Hukuki bilin\u00e7<\/strong>: Herhangi bir yasaklama veya k\u0131s\u0131tlama giri\u015fiminde, Dan\u0131\u015ftay karar\u0131n\u0131 ve Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n\u0131 referans g\u00f6stermek gerekir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Birlikte duru\u015f<\/strong>: Bu mesele yaln\u0131zca M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n de\u011fil, t\u00fcm inan\u00e7 topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n ortak \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck meselesidir. T\u00fcm inan\u00e7 gruplar\u0131n\u0131n deste\u011fi alarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretmek gerekir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Raad van State\u2019in bu karar\u0131, Hollanda\u2019da din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir anayasal temele sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hoparl\u00f6rle ezan tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, asl\u0131nda \u015fu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Hollanda, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n sessizle\u015ftirildi\u011fi mi yoksa sayg\u0131yla yan yana ya\u015fayabildi\u011fi bir \u00fclke mi olacak?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bizim&nbsp; cevab\u0131m\u0131z net: Ger\u00e7ek entegrasyon, ezan sesinin de, kilise \u00e7an\u0131n\u0131n da, sinagog duas\u0131n\u0131n da ayn\u0131 g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne y\u00fckselebildi\u011fi bir toplumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c Adalet, herkesin e\u015fit sesini duyurabildi\u011fi bir sessizliktir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Av H.H\u00fcseyin TANRIVERD\u0130<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;Din \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Entegrasyon ve E\u015fit Yurtta\u015fl\u0131k \u00dczerine Bir De\u011ferlendirme 1. Giri\u015f:&nbsp; Ezan yaln\u0131zca bir ibadet \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fildir; ayn\u0131 zamanda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17387,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/avukathht.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/avukathht.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/avukathht.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avukathht.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avukathht.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17388"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/avukathht.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17388\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17389,"href":"https:\/\/avukathht.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17388\/revisions\/17389"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avukathht.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/avukathht.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17388"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avukathht.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17388"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avukathht.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}